Powdered activated carbon
Powdered, micron-sized activated carbon particles are milled from millimeter granular activated carbon and exhibit faster kinetics and a greater capacity for contaminant removal, when compared to carbons with larger particle sizes.
Powdered activated carbon can be used for sporadic contaminant episodes, such as algae blooms and industrial spills, that contaminate municipal influent waters. Powder can be added to the clarification process settling unit to remove these contaminants with activated carbon. It can also protect fixed activated granular carbon beds against sudden influent contamination.
Plants can use powder instead if they lack the infrastructure to use granular activated carbon or do not have enough granular carbon between the influent and the effluent to economically use for removal in sporadic contaminant episodes. The single-use powdered activated carbon is used as a batch process to remove contaminants to acceptable regulated maximum contamination levels (MCLs) but not necessarily to zero or non-detected contamination.