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Natural Materials used for water filtration
Sand
Sand can filter out particles as small as 25 microns.The customers used sand to remove sediment from the water in their pools and bathhouses.Here sand inldue quartz sand, pebbles, garnet sand, gravel and manganese sand.
Flocculant
First, coagulation,Small particles usually carry negative surface charges that hinder aggregation and settling (1a). Coagulant chemicals can adsorb to the particles and balance the charges. The introduction of opposite charges enables particles sticking together to form stable and well suspended submicron flocs (1b). Rapid mixing is required for proper dispersion of coagulant chemicals, to promote particle collisions and submicron floc formation (1c).
Then, flocculation,
Flocculation requires gentle mixing and the use of a high molecular weight polymeric flocculant. The flocculant adsorbs to the submicron flocs and facilitates bridging of gaps between flocs (2a). Bringing particles closer together creates the effective range for Van Der Waals attraction forces to reduce the energy barrier for flocculation and loosely packed flocs form. Aggregation, binding, and strengthening of flocs occurs until visibly suspended macroflocs form (2b). At the right weight, size, and strength sedimentation occurs. Macroflocs are very sensitive to mixing and once torn apart by strong shear it is difficult or impossible for them to reform.
Flocculation happens naturally during the formation of snowflakes or subsea sediments but it is also deliberately applied in the biotechnology, petroleum, pulp and paper, and mining industries.
Flocculant: anionic polymer, cationic polyacrylamide, poly aluminum chloride and poly ferric sulfate.
Activated carbon
coconut shell activated carbon is second only to water in purity.Commercial water filters often use coconut carbon filters to remove toxins and particles.The carbon in charcoal helps remove toxins. Charcoal filters out particles down to 1 micron, including nitrogen oxide, lead and sulfur oxide.
